According to the physicist organization network reported in April, the Harvard University research team has developed a new method that can use the genetic material code to create synthetic polymers. The synthetic polymers "evolved" by this method may have new or improved functions, such as being used as a catalyst for chemical reactions or enhancing the therapeutic potential of diseases. Related research results were published in the latest issue of "Nature · Chemistry".
In biology, large molecules like DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), RNA (ribonucleic acid), and proteins are the most common polymers, and these polymers have remarkable properties. In contrast, humans' ability to create artificial polymers with tailored properties is very limited. Researchers have tried to use the genetic code to create synthetic polymers, but their efforts are often hindered that new molecules must be similar to the genetic template that created them.
To solve this problem, the team led by Harvard University professor of chemical biology Liu Dawei (transliteration) turned to a similar process that can be found in nature. The system does not allow the new polymer module to interact directly with the DNA template, but relies on a "adapter" molecule. Each adapter carries a part of the polymer, which is bound to the template to form a new polymer. In the final step of the process, the adapter is cut off and the synthetic polymer is created based on the genetic template.
An interesting function of this system is that the resulting synthetic polymer does not have to have any structural relationship with the DNA template. The part of the system that binds to DNA bases is the adapter molecule, so it can be physically deleted from the template. This overall strategy seriously "plagiarizes" the protein synthesis process in nature, that is, tRNA (transferred ribonucleic acid) molecules are bound to a messenger RNA chain, and the amino acids carried by them are spliced ​​to form proteins.
Theoretically, the new synthetic polymers created under the guidance of gene templates can also "evolve" unique properties, which is almost impossible to design in the laboratory. For example, suppose you want to create a synthetic molecule that can turn on the expression of a specific gene for cancer-related proteins. You may search current research results for clues on how to build such a molecule, and you may also use your chemistry knowledge to determine which molecules are possible. However, for such a complex molecular goal, these efforts often fail.
The power of evolution makes it more feasible to achieve these ambitious goals. Binding a very specific molecule and creating a biological reaction is very difficult for polymer scientists to design from scratch, but it is not difficult for the evolution of nature. Nature has experienced semi-random attempts by millions of generations, and the most successful part of the strategy in each generation is passed on to the next generation through its molecular secrets. Evolution is iterative, and small advances of any generation are inherited and developed into major successes in the future.
Professor Liu said that his next goal is to use this system to evolve synthetic polymers that can achieve more complex functions, and then fold it into a structured three-dimensional shape, bound to specific molecules with biomedical or chemical uses And eventually catalyze chemical reactions.
REMOTE CONTROL SOCKET
Important Safeguards
When using any electrical appliance, in order to reduce the risk of fire, electric shock and/or injury to persons, basic safety precautions should always be follow8d. including:
• The appliance is for household and indoor use only.
• Before plugging in. check that the voitage on the rating label is the same as the mains supply.
• To protect against electric shock, do not immerse any part of the product in water or other liquid.
• This socket is intended for use by competent adults only and children should be supervised at all times.
• Do not use the socket for other than its intended use.
• This socket can be used by children aged from 8 years arxl above and persons with reduced physical, sensory or mental capabilities or lack of experience and knowledge if they have been given supervision or instruction concerning use of the appliance in a safe way and understand the hazards involved. Children shall not p<ay with the appliance Cleaning and user maintenance shall M be made by children without supervision.
• Children of less than 3 years should be kept away unless continuously supervised.
Children from 3 years and less than 8 years shall only switch on/off the appliance provided that it has been placed or installed in its intended normal operating position and they have been supervision or instruction concerning use of the appliance in a safe way and understand the hazards involved. Children aged from 3 years and less than 8 years shall not plug in. regulate and clean the appliance or perform user maintenance.
• Don't use this socket in the immediate surroundings of a bath, a shower or a swimming pool.
• In case of malfunction, do not try to repair the socket yourself, it may result in a fire hazard or electric shock
Do Not Exceed Maximum a680W
Place the LR44 batteries provided into the compartment in the back of the Remote Control, please insert as sho*/m in the back of the compartment to ensure the polarity is correct.
Programming Instructions
• Plug the Remoce Socket$($)lnto the wall socket(s) and switch on the mams supply, the red LED will flash every second.
• If the LED is not flashing press & hold the manual ON/OFF button for 5 seconds until it Hashes
•Press any ON switch on the Remote Control for approximately 2 seconds and the Remote Socket(s) learn the code. The LED will stop flashing top confirm the codehas been accepted.
• Any number of Remote Sockets can be programmed to one Remote Control ON button to create multiple switching.
• To programme o<her Remote Sockets on different Remote Control ON buttons repeat the prevous steps
• If the mains supply is turned off the Remote Sockets v/ill lose their code and it wil be necessary to re-pcogramme.
Operation:
• Plug your appliance(s) into the Remote Socket(s)
• Press the programmed ON or OFF button on the Remote Control to control the Remote Socket.
♦ The Remote Sockets can also be operated manually using its ON/OFF Button Trouble shooting
If a Remote Socket does not react to the Remote Control please check the followng:
♦ Low battery in tbo Remote Control
• Distance too large between the remote control and the recerver (ensure the range distance is no more than 20 clear Metres) and free from obstacle that may reduce the distance.
• If programming has not been successful, tum the power off and back on then follow the programming steps above.
How to decode
• Press the manual ONX)FF button for 5 seconds until the red LED flashes once per
second to confirm de-coding is successful
♦ Press the ALL OFF switch on the Remote Control for more than 3 seconds, the LED
flashes once per second to confirm (decoding successful.
Voltage: 240V-/50HZ
Max power rating: 3680W max.
Remote frequency:
Remote range:
Battery Type:
433.92MHz
230 Metres
Button Cell 2x1.5V LR44 =
Please check with your local waste management service authority regarding regulations for the safe disposal of the batteries. The batteries should never be placed G municipal waste.
Use a battery d^posal facility if available
M
For eioctncal products sold within the European Community. At the end of the electrical products useful life, it should not be disposed of wth household waste. Please recycle faaMies exist. Check with your Local Authonty or retailer for recycling advice.
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