According to research by the China Automotive Engineering Society (SA-China), the wide application of intelligent networked vehicle technology (V2X) can increase the traffic efficiency of ordinary roads by more than 30%. According to official data from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), Vehicle and Vehicle Communication Technology (V2V) can predict upcoming traffic accidents and provide real-time warning of potential hazards. Its wide application can help avoid up to 81% light weight. Collision accident.
So, let's look at the definition of the Internet of Vehicles (V2X). The vehicle network is based on the in-vehicle network, the inter-vehicle network and the in-vehicle mobile Internet. In accordance with the agreed communication protocol and data interaction standards, wireless communication is carried out between the car-X (X: car, road, pedestrian and Internet). The large system network for information exchange is an integrated network capable of intelligent traffic management, intelligent dynamic information services and intelligent vehicle control.
In the field of intelligent transportation, sensors are mainly divided into two categories: autonomous sensors (laser radar, millimeter wave radar, camera, etc.) and communication sensors. V2X technology relies on the latter. Simply put, V2X is a security system that implements two-way communication and multi-directional communication. It is similar to the WIFI connection method, which can send signals between vehicles and vehicles, between vehicles, between vehicles and traffic lights. Improve traffic safety by sending similarities to positions, speeds, obstacles, dangers, etc. And this "WIFI-like connection method" is V2X communication technology.
According to industry insiders, if the V2X communication protocols of different brands of vehicles are different, it is impossible to identify and communicate between vehicles and vehicles, infrastructure and the Internet. Then on the car navigation screen, it is impossible to display the condition of the vehicle around a car. Therefore, establishing V2X communication standards is the top priority of the popularity of the Internet of Vehicles.
V2X communication standard has two major support campsCurrently, there is no uniform communication standard for vehicles and workshops around the world. It is understood that in 1998, the United States developed a standard for dedicated short-range wireless communication facilities, and the 75MHz frequency band of 5.850~5.925GHz is used as a dedicated short-range communication DSRC radio service in intelligent transportation systems. Subsequently, the European Union, Japan, Singapore, South Korea, etc. have successively launched their own communication standards, but there are differences in the division, definition and use of frequency bands. China has not yet introduced a unified V2X communication standard.
Previously, relevant personnel of the China Association of Automobile Manufacturers revealed that the first international network interconnection test for the network technology application layer will be officially released at the end of the year. This means that China's car networking system will have its own communication standards. In the establishment of vehicle-to-vehicle communication standards, there have been two major support camps, one is the DSRC scheme, the communication standard currently adopted by most enterprises, and the second is the LTE-V scheme, which is from the domestic Datang Telecom and Huawei-led communication solutions. DSRC is more mature as an upgraded version of Wifi, but there is not much domestic accumulation. LTE-V shares 4G networks, and each indicator has some advantages.
DSRC (Dedicated Short Range CommunicaTIons) is a high-efficiency wireless communication technology that provides high-speed data transmission and ensures low latency and low interference of communication links. It is understood that vehicles and roadside units (RSUs) equipped with on-board units (OBUs) can realize inter-vehicle communication (V2V) and vehicle-to-road infrastructure communication (V2I) through DSRC-specific short-range communication technology. DSRC can realize the recognition and two-way communication of moving targets under high-speed motion in a specific small area (usually tens of meters). DSRC can transmit image, voice and data information in real time, realize bidirectional communication of V2I, V2V and V2P. DSRC is widely used. The application is applied in the fields of ETC non-stop charging, access control, fleet management, information service, etc., and has advantages in vehicle identification, driver identification, information interaction between road network and vehicle, and vehicle self-organizing network.
LTE-V is a vehicle-to-vehicle proprietary communication protocol based on 4G technology and LTE cellular network based on V2X, including LTE-V-Cell and LTE-V-Direct. According to reports, LTE-V-Cell can support large-bandwidth and large-coverage communication with existing cellular networks to meet TelemaTIcs application requirements; LTE-V-Direct can be independent of cellular networks to achieve low latency for vehicles and surrounding environment nodes. Highly reliable direct communication to meet driving safety needs. In the future, LTE-V technology can smoothly evolve to 5G.
LTE-V communication technology has obvious advantages in ChinaIt is reported that domestic LTE-V technology research began in 2010. Wang Yingmin, chief engineer of Datang Telecom Group, said that from the industrial point of view, LTE-V as a communication technology with independent intellectual property rights is beneficial to domestic enterprises to avoid patent risks, and the network deployment and maintenance investment is low, through the existing LTE network base station equipment and The security mechanism can be upgraded.
At the same time, from a technical point of view, LTE-V also has advantages.
In order to ensure traffic safety, in order to achieve real-time communication, V2X communication needs to achieve a lower delay than the ordinary transportation system, and the requirement is usually less than 100ms. Based on the DSRC standard, the 802.11p system with short-range communication at 5.9 GHz has a delay of more than 100 ms, while LTE-V is usually 50 ms with less delay jitter.
V2X communication also requires higher reliability in packet transmission rate. It is reported that according to the simulation test of Datang Telecom's LTE-V-Direct solution, the coverage of the two V2X communication modes is less than 1000m, and within the coverage, compared to the 802.11p-based DSRC, LTE-V-Direct is in each The packet transmission rate of the transmission distance increased significantly, and the reliability degree increased by 15%-25%.
At the same time, V2X communication requires a larger system capacity, which is usually measured by the capacity of the traffic that can be accommodated, that is, the number of vehicles that the communication system can access in a lane of unit length at a certain instant. Also according to the simulation test of Datang Telecom, LTE-V-Direct has an increase of 257% and 39% respectively in terms of the traffic density that can be accommodated compared to the unicast and multicast communication methods.
In other words, compared to DSRC technology, LTE-V has considerable advantages at the above technical level.
In addition, it is worth mentioning that LTE-V also has a cost advantage. The networking of the 802.11p-based DSRC technology requires the construction of a large number of roadside units (RSUs). The cost of new-type base station equipment is relatively high, and the cost of hardware products is relatively high. The LTE-V directly utilizes the existing cellular network, and the existing base station and frequency band are used, and the networking cost is significantly reduced. Under the condition that the global LTE standard is highly unified, the hardware products related to the Internet of Vehicles are expected to be standardized and scaled up, the cost can be reduced, and it is easier to find a business model.
Of course, the LTE-V standardization process and related technology development have not been completed, and DSRC has been developed and deployed by the United States and other countries for many years, and the technology is relatively mature. This is also the reason for the unsuccessful competition between the two.
All parties actively promote standards to establish LTE-V communication technology is expected to "unify the rivers and lakes"In September 2016, at the 73rd meeting of the LTE standardization body 3GPP, the V2V standard of LTE-V was officially frozen in Release 14, which marked that 3GPP completed the first phase of LTE-V, namely terminal-based direct communication (D2D). The standardization of vehicle-to-vehicle communication (V2V) introduces more optimized physical layer demodulation reference signals, resource scheduling, interference coordination and other technologies through in-depth research. The second phase will complete the complete LTE-V standard, including cellular network-based V2V communication (V2V) and vehicle communication (V2I), vehicle communication (V2P), etc., which is expected to be completed in March 2017.
At present, all parties in China are actively preparing for the work related to communication technology standards. Several standardization associations and alliances are actively promoting the establishment of relevant standards, including China Communications Standards Association (CCSA), China Intelligent Transportation Industry Alliance (C-ITS), China Automotive Engineering Society (SAE-China), and Automotive Information Service Industry Application Alliance. (TIAA).
In October 2016, the China Automotive Engineering Society released the “Technology Roadmap for Energy-Saving and New Energy Vehiclesâ€, including the roadmap for the development of intelligent networks. It defines two technical aspects of intelligent networked vehicles including intelligentization and networking.
In addition, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Science and Technology are also carrying out key technology verification and industrialization application demonstrations to promote the innovation and industrialization of vehicle networking technologies such as LTE-V. It is understood that at present, the intelligent network joint application demonstration projects in Beijing, Chongqing, Hangzhou, Changchun and Wuhan have been approved, and Changsha and Shenzhen are also actively applying. Simultaneously. In February of this year, under the organization of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, China's V2X technology spectrum research work has started, and the target frequency band has been initially determined and entered the application stage.
At the enterprise level, at the recent Smart Network V2X Technology Summit Forum, Datang Telecom Group demonstrated its newly launched LTE-V Vehicle Unit (OBU) and Roadside Unit (RSU) pre-commercial products, about LTE- The actual road demonstration of the V typical scene has already been carried out. At the same time, GM China has also cooperated with Tsinghua University and Changan Automobile to try to lead the development of the domestic V2X application layer standard. Mr. Qian Huikang, GM's global executive vice president and president of General Motors China, said that GM has been working with related companies and organizations to help the United States establish dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) technology standards.
Of course, China's adoption of the DSRC solution or LTE-V as the communication standard has not yet been settled. The OEMs can pre-position V2X or seize the technical opportunities. In addition to GM and Changan, Dongfeng, SAIC, BAIC, Audi, and Toyota are all testing V2X technology based on the corresponding communication solutions.
The 5.9GHz DSRC will have potential interference problems in China, and the LTE mature industry chain will lay a solid foundation for the industrialization of LTE V2X technology. LTE V2X technology is expected to promote vehicle networking applications faster. Datang Wireless Mobile Innovation Center's general assistance and car networking product director Ren Shiyan predicted its standardization process and industry landing cycle. "Standardization work can basically be completed next year, and subsequent industrialization work will begin very quickly, according to my 16-year communication. The industry's experience in industry, from standardization to industrialization, is about one to two years."
Of course, the realization of V2X popularization is still facing many challenges. The industrialization of V2X needs the joint promotion of the government, scientific research institutions, enterprises and other parties. The determination of the V2X communication standard is like opening the driverless key. Once the standards are determined and industrialized, the driverlessness is no longer far away.
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