background
With the completion of the reorganization of domestic telecom operators, China's 3G network has begun to enter a large-scale construction stage. According to statistics from relevant agencies: at present, 60% of mobile voice services and 70% of data services occur indoors, which shows that although mobile users use It is a mobile terminal, but most of the business occurs in a fixed place, so ensuring the quality of indoor signal coverage is the key to the success of 3G.
Since the 3G network works in the higher 2G frequency band, the wall loss of the wireless signal is much higher than that of the 2G network. The indoor area that the original macro base station of the 2G network can cover is now a lot of blind spots. The method of deep coverage by increasing the number of outdoor base stations is very costly, including the problems of base station location and equipment investment. At present, the traditional indoor distribution system can only solve the coverage of commercial buildings and public spaces, and it is not yet possible to carry out residential communities. Indoor wiring, so indoor coverage problems in the 3G era will be more serious than 2G.
Based on the above problems, Femtocell, a new indoor signal coverage technology in recent years, has received great attention from the industry, and major operators are stepping up testing and verification of Femtocell technology, which is expected to reach commercial levels within a few years.
Femtocell concept
According to Femto Forum's definition of Femtocell, Femtocell is a low-power AP (wireless access point) device that works on a licensed frequency band. It is connected to the mobile operator's network through a residential DSL or cable broadband, and supports standard mobile terminal equipment.
Femtocell is called a femtocell. It is a small, low-power cellular base station. It was originally designed for indoor locations such as homes and small offices, so it is also called a home base station (home base staTIon). Its function is to supplement the indoor coverage of the cellular network and provide users with voice and data services; its transmission power is small, generally in the milliwatt level, and the coverage radius is generally 50 to 200 meters. A single Femtocell device can generally support 4 active users, and the air interface conforms to the 3GPP / 3GPP2 standard, so it is applicable to any existing mobile terminal.
Femtocell uses the IP protocol to connect through broadband circuits such as ADSL and LAN that users already have. The remote end is connected by a dedicated gateway from the IP network to the mobile network. The size of the device is similar to that of ADSL modem. It has the characteristics of easy installation, automatic configuration, automatic planning, plug and play, and supports various network standards such as GSM, CDMA, WCDMA, TD-SCDMA, EVDO and so on.
Femtocell network architecture
The Femtocell system is very different from the traditional macro cellular network in the configuration of the network element. It is mainly located in the home or small and medium-sized office access. The characteristics of indoor communication are different from the outdoor environment. The demand for capacity is small and there is no sudden increase of users. , Do not need to think too much about breathing effects, switching and other issues.
In the early days of the emergence of Femtocell technology, due to the lack of a unified standard, the implementation of the function composition and device interface of Femtocell equipment varies from manufacturer to manufacturer. Usually, a flat network architecture is adopted. Femtocell equipment integrates multiple traditional macrocellular networks. The functions of network elements, such as NodeB and RNC functions, and a further flat solution is to integrate the functions of NodeB, RNC, SGSN and GGSN.
For a long time, the inconsistency of standards has led to the inability of products from different manufacturers to interconnect and unify networking, hindering the commercial process of Femtocell. In April 2009, the world ’s first UMTS Femtocell standard was approved and included in the 3GPP Release8 standard This makes it possible for devices from different manufacturers to access a unified Femto gateway. The release of the new standard paves the way for large-scale commercialization of the Femtocell network. Figure 1 shows the network architecture announced by the unified standard.
Figure 1 Femtocell network architecture
HNB (Home NodeB) is a femtocell terminal device installed in the home to provide wireless signal coverage for standard 3G mobile phones in the home. HNB not only has the function of a standard NodeB, but also integrates the radio resource management function of the radio network controller (RNC) . The HNB GW (Home NodeB Gateway) is installed on the side of the operator's network, aggregates services from many HNBs, and returns to the wireless core network through standard lu-CS and lu-PS interfaces. The unified standard specifies the lu-h interface between HNB and HNB GW, which defines an efficient and flexible method for transmitting lu control signaling on the Internet.
Femtocell market value
1. The value of Femtocell to operators
Improve indoor signal coverage and service quality
In the 3G environment, the penetration of outdoor macro base stations to cover residential areas cannot guarantee deep indoor coverage. The deployment of indoor Femtocell can effectively improve the indoor signal quality level, thereby bringing great user broadband and voice service quality At the same time, because Femtocell only supports the access of family authorized users, family users can exclusively enjoy the bandwidth resources of the 3G network, improving the user's Internet experience.
Quickly expand the network and increase the network capacity
Each Femtocell is equivalent to a complete base station. Increasing the number of Femtocell terminals is equivalent to increasing the number of base stations. Of course, it also increases the capacity of the entire network. Once it is approved by users and used in large quantities, the network capacity can be quickly expanded.
Save operator investment and reduce CAPEX and OPEX values
Femtocell is mainly used for home deployment. The purchase cost of the equipment is borne by the user or the operator. At the same time, due to the use of fixed broadband access as its backhaul, no additional network wiring is required, and there is no investment in site selection and construction maintenance. Can greatly reduce the investment in network construction and opening, thereby reducing CAPEX. Because Femtocell equipment is placed in the user's home, it saves operating costs such as equipment room, power supply, air conditioning and circuit maintenance, thereby reducing OPEX.
Effective means of operating commercial FMC business promotion
With the completion of the restructuring of telecom operators, the three major operators have all realized full-service operation, and have a complete wired and wireless operation network, which provides excellent network resources for the deployment of Femtocell. Operators provide mobile services through fixed access On the one hand, the existing fixed business and mobile business can be bound to improve user loyalty; on the other hand, the service that was originally only deployed on the fixed network can be extended to mobile terminals, thereby enhancing the user experience. Attract more users.
Femtocell's value to end users
Improve voice and data service quality
Because Femtocell is specifically covered for the home environment, it has good indoor signal coverage quality, and the voice call is clearer than the outdoor macrocell network environment; at the same time, because there are fewer users covered, Femtocell can provide each user with a higher rate broadband service To give users a better broadband experience and enjoy VIP-level communication services.
More environmentally friendly and energy saving
Due to the small coverage radius of Femtocell, the transmission power of the user's mobile phone is very small, which brings the user a longer standby time of the mobile phone and reduces the radiation to the human body.
Enjoy more economical services
Because the deployment cost is relatively low. In order to attract users, operators may provide users with subsidies, discounts and more affordable family domain packages and other preferential policies to allow users to enjoy more tariff concessions.
Femtocell promotion suggestions
As mentioned earlier, Femtocell technology is mainly located in the mobile signal coverage of the home environment to provide high-quality voice and data services for home users. From the current situation, the operators' attitudes are more cautious, technical performance and business operation mode Femtocell is still a long way from formal commercial use.
1. Clarify Femtocell's market positioning and realize misaligned operation with WIFI
Unlike Femtocell, which has just started, WIFI is a mature technology. The three major operators have begun large-scale practical deployment. Both technologies can provide users with broadband access methods, and have obvious mutual substitution. Now the WIFI AP devices installed by many families spontaneously are very popular. It provides convenient high-speed Internet access services for mobile devices such as mobile phones and laptop computers. It is very convenient to use. To replace Femtocell's status as WIFI, there must be sufficient reasons to impress users. This technology is better or worse, we can make a comparison, as shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Femtocell and WIFI performance comparison
It can be seen that Femtocell has obvious technical advantages, and operators are also actively advancing, while WIFI has first-mover advantages, and the market maturity is relatively high. Various operators and local governments are promoting the construction of wireless cities. Due to the immature Femtocell industry chain and the high cost of the client, the recent marketization is difficult, but it should be noted that the WIFI hotspots currently under construction by major operators are mainly distributed in urban commercial building areas, Femtocell has no intention It is also impossible to compete for this part of the market. Femtocell should be targeted at home users from the beginning. By improving indoor signal quality, it provides users with high-quality voice and data services, and ensures mobile phones where there is no network signal and poor signal quality. The smoothness of the signal is the most important. After all, no one can do without the mobile phone. If the operator can launch an attractive consumer package, I believe many people are willing to try Femtocell. At this time, the WIFI in the home has lost the need for existence. .
2. Step up technical testing and verification to improve Femtocell technology
As a new technology, it is also in the stage of commercial trial abroad, the domestic has not really started, and the global unified standard has just been introduced. There are still many technical imperfections and lack of verification, especially for the dense construction of domestic residential communities. China ’s national conditions, is Femtocell technology perfect? It is still unknown. For example, the interference between the Femtocell device and the outdoor macrocell network and a large number of adjacent Femtocell devices; the handover control of the macrocell network and the Femtocell network; the access control of visiting customers, etc., a large number of tests are still required And verification.
Improve the Femtocell industry chain and reduce promotion costs as soon as possible
Compared with WIFI AP, the current cost of Femtocell terminals is several times higher. Unless operators are willing to bear the terminal costs, it is difficult to attract customers to buy. In the early stage of a new technology launch, due to the lack of an industrial chain, it is normal for the cost to be relatively high. As more and more manufacturers are optimistic about and join the Femtocell industrial chain, the terminal cost will soon drop. Fmetocell will truly enter ordinary people's homes. At the initial stage of Femtocell promotion, operators can refer to the current 3G data card and netbook subsidy policies to subsidize manufacturers and end users, so that the costs borne by end users can be controlled within a reasonable range, and the loss of subsidies can be in the future customer service costs It is withdrawn year by year, and manufacturers are encouraged to make technological innovations to reduce the BOM cost of terminals as soon as possible.
3. A reasonable business model is the key to Femtocell's success
As a new technology that integrates fixed and mobile services, Femtocell may provide operators with a new business model operating platform, by providing home users with bundled fees, wired and wireless broadband, home gateway services, home domain wireless LAN and other features Services, provide users with a good business experience, attract users to increase consumption time, and improve the profitability of operators.
In short: The emergence of Femtocell provides operators with a new choice of indoor coverage technology. It is very worth looking forward to. Whether it can develop in China depends on many factors. Success or not, we will wait and see.
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