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With the continuous expansion of the rescue and rescue functions of the fire brigade, there are more and more incidents in which the fire brigade disposes of trapped personnel due to elevator accidents. However, because we know less about the structure and working principle of the elevators, most of them deal with such accidents. The method of directly using the demolition tool to dismantle the elevator door to save people is often caused by the rescue of the trapped person and the damage of the elevator. The firefighters’ demolitions caused a lot of damage to the owners, sometimes even being criticized by the owners and elevator company maintenance personnel. Therefore, we need to strengthen the study of such accidents, and adopt correct rescue methods for different types of accidents, both to successfully rescue the trapped personnel and to minimize the loss of the accident.

First, the type of elevator accident

The types of elevator accidents can be classified into door system accidents, topping or bottoming accidents, and other accidents. According to statistics, the probability of the occurrence of various accidents in the total number of elevator accidents is: door system accidents account for about 80%, bottom or top accidents account for about 15%, and other accidents account for about 5%. Door system accidents accounted for the largest proportion of elevator accidents and occurred most frequently.

(1) Door system accident

The highest probability of a door system accident is caused by the structural characteristics of the elevator system. Because every operation of the elevator has to go through the door and close the door, the door lock works frequently, and the aging speed is fast. Over time, the door lock mechanical or electrical protection device is not reliable. If the repair and replacement are not timely, the elevator has a faulty operation. Accidents are prone to occur, and such accidents often cause passengers to be trapped.

(2) Bottom or top accident

The bottom of the elevator is the elevator car. In the case of failure of the control system, it will go down the first level of the leveling position and stop until it stops on the buffer of the elevator pit; when the car fails in the control system When the loss of control rushes to the top of the elevator shaft, it is called the elevator top. Due to the sudden occurrence of a bottom or topping accident, the mechanical collision force is huge, often causing certain casualties.

(3) Other accidents

Such accidents are mainly caused by failure or unreliability of individual devices. There are mainly elevators that are stuck in the floor level doors, personnel falling into the well and elevators.

Second, disposal measures

(1) Using the triangular key to open the landing door and the car door to save people

The doors of the elevator are divided into car doors and landing doors. The car door seals the car entrance, and the landing door is activated by the car, also known as the passive door. Each elevator is equipped with a dedicated triangular door key that is kept by a dedicated person. When the car stops at the elevator landing, rescuers should contact the trapped passengers by phone or call, etc., be sure to keep them calm and wait patiently for rescue. At the same time, send people to turn off the power switch of the equipment room, use the triangle key to open the landing door and the car door to help the passengers leave the car.

(2) Using a traction machine to save people

In order to rescue passengers, the elevators are equipped with emergency operating devices, which can make the car move slowly, so as to rescue the trapped passengers. When the elevator stops between two floors due to failure, the car position should be accurately judged according to the floor indicator light, the computer display or the opening of the hall door, and the car in the elevator shaft is lowered to the next floor to save people. The operation method is as follows: send people to the fire elevator room in the roof, turn off the elevator power switch; remove the motor tail shaft end cover, install the disk hand wheel on the motor shaft; one person hardly puts the hand wheel and the other hand holds the brake release Rod, gently open the brake, the car will move due to its own weight. In order to avoid the car from rising or falling out of control and causing the car to be topped or bottomed, the car should be moved intermittently during the operation (single and release) to make the car move gradually. When the car moves too fast, it is difficult to grasp, the brake should be braked. After the car stops lifting, the brake is opened to move the car until the leveling mark on the traction wire is aligned with the flat mark in the machine room. When it is confirmed that the brake is correct, release the handwheel to reset the screw and hold the brake. At this time, the rescuer can use the triangle key to open the hall car door on the floor where the car is located to the rescued trapped person.

(3) Using the safety window of the elevator car to save people

When the elevator traction machine cannot be driven, the safety window of the elevator car can be used to save people. When the elevator manufacturer produces the elevator, a manhole is provided in the middle of the car at the top of the farthest side of the car door for the person to enter and exit. This manhole is closed with a thin metal plate and is easily destroyed. . When the elevator traction machine cannot be used, the person should first be sent to turn off the elevator room power switch; then use the triangle key to open the upper door of the elevator car floor, and the fire ladder is placed on the car roof in the elevator shaft. Rescue personnel enter the top of the car along the fire ladder, unscrew the safety window at the top of the elevator car to fix the dowels, or use the hand axe to carry the safety window at the top of the car to open the passage to help and direct the trapped personnel from the top of the car. The safety window is evacuated in an orderly manner along the fire ladder. In order to prevent people from stepping on the bottom of the elevator, safety rope protection is applied during the rescue.

(4) Rescuing people by breaking the elevator door

When the elevator door cannot be opened by the triangular key due to mechanical failure and other reasons, it can be rescued by means of demolition. First, insert a tool such as a spade into the door joint between the two doors, and open the door with a certain gap. Then insert the lifting cushion or hydraulic dilator into the door seam, and gradually use the lifting air cushion or hydraulic dilator. Demolition of the elevator. Thereby the car door is pulled open and the personnel in the elevator are rescued.

Third, matters needing attention

(1) Try to stabilize the mood of the trapped person

If the elevator fails, the passengers are often trapped in the elevator car. The fear is serious. The firefighters should contact the trapped personnel through elevator walkie-talkies, mobile phones or shouts to explain the emergency methods and tell them to keep them. Calm, stabilize the mood of the trapped people, patiently wait for rescuers. In the rescue process, it is necessary to strengthen communication with the trapped people and pay attention to the passengers.

(2) Rescue should be carried out with the cooperation of professional and technical personnel.

The Ministry of Construction's notice on the issuance of the "Elevator Emergency Guide" (Building Housing [2006] No. 3) Article 4: The elevator use management unit shall, according to the actual situation of the unit, be equipped with elevator management personnel to implement the responsible person of each elevator. Configure the necessary professional rescue tools and 24-hour uninterrupted communication equipment. Article 5 stipulates that the elevator use management unit shall sign a maintenance contract with the elevator maintenance and repair unit to clarify the responsibility of the elevator maintenance and repair unit. As one of the responsible units of the rescue work, the elevator maintenance and repair unit shall establish strict rescue procedures, allocate a certain number of professional rescue personnel and corresponding professional tools, etc., to ensure that after receiving the emergency report of the elevator, rush to the scene to rescue . Therefore, when handling such accidents, firefighters should inform the professional maintenance personnel of the elevators to attend the meeting, strengthen communication and cooperation with the professional maintenance personnel of the elevators, and avoid secondary accidents caused by blind actions. The fire department should also strengthen the contact with the elevator maintenance and repair units and personnel in the jurisdiction and establish a corresponding emergency linkage mechanism.

(3) Assisting in the handling of after-care work to prevent the occurrence of secondary accidents

After the rescue is over, it is necessary to temporarily stop using the elevator and set a sign to disable the elevator at the entrance and exit of the elevator. The elevator is fully inspected and repaired by the professional maintenance personnel of the elevator, and can be activated after confirming the normal.

(4) Try to avoid demolition and try to reduce accident losses

Due to the high cost of the elevator and the difficulty in maintenance after the damage, the firefighters should strengthen communication with the professional maintenance personnel of the elevator during the rescue and try to take technical measures to rescue them. Unless things are urgent, it is generally inappropriate to use the method of demolition to strive for the loss of the accident. drop to lowest.

(5) Strengthen research and carry out targeted training

Firefighters should strengthen the study and research on the structure and working principle of the elevators. For the different types of elevator accidents, the training should be carried out in a targeted manner. If necessary, personnel can be selected to participate in the elevator operator business training organized by the labor department, and the elevator operation can be obtained. Proof to continuously improve the ability to handle similar accidents.