Transfer Protocol
The original design did not involve a reliable end-to-end messaging. The obligation of the Internet (the two networks communicate with each other) is at the third level - the network layer. Transmission and interconnection become part of the protocol stack, and TCP/IP and SPX/IPX are two commonly used protocols. These two protocols do not interoperate, so Ethernet nodes must use compatible protocols. Due to the application of TCP/IP in the Internet, it became the main protocol, as well as in industrial networks. In fact, TCP/IP is a set of RFC-defined protocols (requestforcomments) that have been around for many years. In addition to Ethernet, TCP/IP works with other data link technologies, which are located above the physical layer/data link layer. On the transport layer, there are two important protocols: TCP and UDP. The former confirms the received information. Both are very useful. On the upper layer of the protocol stack, there are several useful application layer protocols in the Industrial Ethernet topic > Industrial Ethernet. Addressing is an important topic for users. The IP protocol is responsible for inter-site packets that may be located in different networks. Each station has a unique 32-bit address (representing the network address and host address respectively). The address is expressed in dotted decimal notation. 128.8.120.5 is a valid address but it is not possible to determine what is the host and what is the network. The addresses are divided into five categories, and the addresses are classified into A to E. The classification can be performed by observing the first byte.
The allocation of IP is not simple and is usually assigned by the network administrator. Once assigned, it must be applied to each station in the network. IP addresses are divided into static and dynamic allocation. Dynamic allocation is done by the server. Static allocation is done by configuration. The following addresses are private and cannot be assigned on the router. Therefore, they are not used on the Internet.
10.0.0.0~10.255.255.255
172.16.0.0~172.31.255.255
192.168.0.0~192.168.255.255
The IP address and Ethernet MAC address are different and cannot be confused. The MAC address is assigned by the device manufacturer and is therefore globally unique. IP addresses are assigned at installation time and redistributed as needed.
Application layer protocol
Determine the connectors and cables used, use hubs or switches, and assign IPs to communicate between sites. Now you need to consider the compatibility of OSI high-level. The industrial automation protocols recommended here are Ethernet/IP, iDA, PROFInet and Modbus/TCP. This does not include traditional Internet applications - FTP, SNMP, SMTP and TELNET. Devices in the hands of users may not support these protocols, so you need to understand the compatibility of your system.
Clear Duplex Speaker Cable Audio Cable Acoustic Cable
Construction
Conductor Flexible Stranded bare copper
Insulation PVC
Color: Red Black
Speaker Cable wire is used to make the electrical connection between loudspeakers and audio , speaker wire consists of two or more electrical conductors individually insulated by plastic or, less commonly, The two wires are electrically identical, but are marked to identify the correct audio signal polarity. Most commonly, speaker wire comes in the form of zip cord.
Speaker Cables,Speaker Wire,Speaker Wire Gauge,Outdoor Speaker Wire
Shenzhen Bendakang Cables Holding Co., Ltd , https://www.bdkcables.com