1 Introduction
Starting with the US GPS global satellite positioning system, this technology that uses location information as a focal point has gradually entered people's field of vision, and has received great attention and rapid development. Positioning technology not only has strategic significance for national security and military development, but also provides a new modern service model based on location information for the general public by combining with existing commercial application services, bringing a fresh user experience , And gradually penetrated into all aspects of people's daily life, is becoming an indispensable service in life.
The rapid development of the Internet in the past decade has led to the third revolution in the information industry, and it has also brought many problems and hidden dangers. Among them, the information security and network security issues are an obvious example. Especially with the popularization and development of mobile broadband access technology, the hidden dangers of wireless broadband network security are worrying for the relevant government regulatory agencies and enterprises. Under this background, considering the characteristics of wireless broadband networks and their security protection needs, the location-based security protection technology generated by the combination of positioning technology and network security technology has emerged at the historic moment, and will surely have a broad development space and applications prospect.
2 positioning technology
2.1 GPS positioning technology
The GPS system can be said to be the earliest, most mature and widely used positioning technology. The full English name of GPS is "NavigaTIon Satellite TIming And Ranging / Global PosiTIon System", that is, satellite time ranging and navigation / global positioning system. The United States began developing GPS systems in the 1970s. This system, which lasted 20 years and cost $ 20 billion, was completed in 1994. The system is provided with position information services by 24 satellite groups in space. These 24 satellites are evenly distributed on 6 orbital planes, orbiting the earth at 11 hours and 58 minutes. The orbital inclination angle of the satellite orbital plane relative to the earth ’s equatorial plane Is 55 °. The purpose of this layout is to ensure that at least 4 satellites can be observed anywhere in the world at any time.
GPS system is a new generation of satellite navigation and positioning system with all-round real-time three-dimensional navigation and positioning capabilities in sea, land and air. Its positioning error can be controlled within 10m. After more than ten years of use by many professional departments in the world, GPS has obvious characteristics such as all-weather, high precision, automation, and high efficiency. Today, the size of GPS client receivers continues to shrink, and the accuracy of clients is getting higher and higher. It has even appeared in some high-end mobile phones, laptops and other electronic products. The popularity of the GPS client has accelerated the application of GPS positioning technology in the commercial field. While creating huge commercial profits, it is also gradually changing the lifestyle of modern humans.
2.2 Mobile positioning technology
The United States Communications Commission (FCC) passed the Enhanced 911 Act in 1996 (revised again in 1999), requiring mobile phone operators to know the geographic location of each mobile phone (with an error control within 50-100m). If any mobile phone calls 911 for American emergency services, the government must know its location, even if the user does not know where he is. The FCC bill greatly promotes the development of mobile positioning technology and related service business research.
The arrival of the 3G era has opened a new chapter for the development of mobile positioning technology. With the improvement of data transmission capabilities, the popularity of terminal multimedia capabilities and the emergence of built-in GPS solutions in terminal chips, there are fewer and fewer restrictions on mobile positioning technology. At present, there are mainly 4 kinds of 3G mobile positioning technologies commonly used in the world, which are network-based CELL-ID, TOA / TDOA positioning technology, terminal-based OTDOA positioning technology and network-terminal hybrid A-GPS positioning technology.
The rapid development of mobile positioning technology and the rapid growth of the number of global mobile users have also provided unprecedented development opportunities and extremely attractive market prospects for the mobile location service (LocaTIon Based Service, LBS) based on user location.
2.3 Indoor positioning technology
Even though GPS systems and many mobile positioning technologies have achieved great success in outdoor positioning applications, in complex indoor environments, such as airport halls, exhibition halls, warehouses, supermarkets, libraries, underground parking lots, mines, etc., they The performance is not very satisfactory. Taking the GPS system as an example, when positioning indoors, it often fails to receive satellite signals, which results in positioning failure or excessive positioning error, which results in the system not being used normally. In order to make up for the gap in indoor positioning, a variety of novel indoor positioning technologies have sprung up, including indoor GPS positioning technology and indoor wireless positioning technology (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, RFID, optical tracking, ultrasonic, infrared) , Ultra-wideband, wireless sensors, etc.) and computer vision positioning technology.
Although the commercial application of indoor positioning technology is just in its infancy, as technology continues to progress and develop and integrate with existing positioning technology and business services, it will surely be able to create new markets and business opportunities, and its related position The service business will also penetrate into people's lives.
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