Acoustic processing of sound fields such as dance halls

The sound field of the dance hall is different from the general theater and the hall has the following three characteristics: first, it has a large smooth surface dance floor, which is a strong acoustic reflection surface; secondly, there is a light stand at the top of the dance floor. It concentrates on a large number of technical equipment, art lighting, performance lighting, sound and video equipment in the dance hall. Therefore, the dance floor is the center of sight and hearing, that is, the heart of the dance hall; the third is that the dance floor and the stage are co-located in the same space, and the space (sound field) represents the sound quality of the dance hall: the volume is large, and the sound level should be 95dB. With a margin of 6~10dB, the sound pressure level of playing disco music should be 110dB, and there is a margin of 10dB; in addition, actors and singers often walk into the dance floor with a microphone, which makes the sound reinforcement and sound mixed together. It causes whistling, so the sound field conditions in the dance hall are very complicated, and the acoustic design is sometimes more difficult than the theater. However, it has not attracted sufficient attention, and even the sound reinforcement system design workers have not given due attention. The ratio of height to width of the room is a condition that directly affects the sound field. When the proportion is appropriate, the resonance frequency of the room is evenly distributed. The ratio of "acoustics" is usually "golden law", which is 0.618:1:1.618. It is well known that the "golden law" is also one of the proportions of the beauty of the auditorium. It is also the scientific meaning of "isomorphism" for the art of architecture. It means that some objects look very different from the outside, and the internal structural form, or The forms of connection between the constituent things are the same, and they can be transformed into each other through some transformation. 0.618 ("Golden Law") is the value of their transformation. The key in the ratio is the height, and the height of the dance hall should be 5 meters. Above, the lack of low-frequency resonance in the room will affect the sound quality in the hall; in addition, the scaffolding on the upper part of the dance floor is the place where the effect lamps and performance lamps and the speaker group and video equipment for dancing are installed, so the grid has a certain height. The top grid of the place is required to have a certain height, in order to have a good illumination angle to achieve a good light artistic effect and appropriate sound coverage; due to the strong reflection of the dance floor to the hall The sound quality has a great influence. The sound-absorbing material of sufficient thickness must be arranged on the top grid of the upper part of the grid. Therefore, the height of the hall and its proportion are important factors that determine the sound quality and lighting in the hall. If the space in the hall is limited, it will not reach. At this ratio, at least the air tone enclosed by the dance floor and the stage can match this ratio. Arc surface and two parallel surfaces should be avoided, which will produce sound quality defects, especially if the surface is made of mirror or hard material, which is more harmful. If it is necessary to use the surface, it should be used. Acoustic treatment. !
Dealing with the decoration in the dance hall in addition to the beauty of the visual effects to meet the standard requirements. Reverberation time is a function of volume and can generally take about 1 second. Most of the current dance halls use a large number of carpets, or they are decorated with decorative fabrics, and plastic or ultra-fine glass wool is placed inside, so-called "soft bag" treatment. This method will make the sound in the high frequency band absorb too much, so that the reverberation time of the middle and high frequency is short, so the sound in the hall is not enough, the definition is poor, not gorgeous and no color. There is also a large number of methods used in the external use of plywood or plywood cladding, generally with small nails to consolidate; some are also covered with a layer of "soft bag", this practice makes the low-frequency sound in the hall is absorbed a lot, Make the sound in the hall hard, inelastic and unbalanced. Since there is no strict acoustic design, the sound absorbing materials and components in the hall are single, so that the sound of a certain frequency is absorbed too much and is distorted, so that it is difficult to adjust using a room equalizer, and often it is adjusted to the top during the adjustment process. The phenomenon that can't be pulled down causes the sound of the frequency to "sweet" and the transmission frequency is very poor. The brightness, the layering is very poor, and it is not soft.
Set the speakers at the vibration and noise reduction stage, whether the combined speakers or woofer are placed on the structural floor or placed on a sturdy stand (the woofer should be placed on the ground); the suspension bracket and pivot point of the hanging speaker should be firm It can't produce vibration, otherwise the sound quality will be deteriorated. The wood decoration practice is often caused by the inconsistency in the construction, the nail is not strong, and the noise of the plate vibration is generated; the light hanger can also produce the low frequency resonance of 40~80 Hz. This vibration noise occurs in the spectrum of the room equalizer, and a peak artifact appears in the spectrum. The sound is weakened and the peak disappears; but it is not linear, so it is difficult to debug. There should be no interference between the KTV rooms and between the halls, including the total sound insulation capacity of the top and partition walls is about 60dB, and 24 brick walls or double-layer 100mm aerated concrete blocks can be used; double-layer plasterboard (2*12mm) double-row keel, hollow 50mm filled with rock wool, but not sound bridge; all partition walls should be connected with the floor without gaps; at present, many song and dance halls have poor sound insulation, mostly due to partition walls It is not connected to the floor and it is considered to have a ceiling. Home Theater Network

The Control Room Control Room is the control center for sound, video and lighting in dance halls and private rooms. As the equipment becomes more and more complex and the number is increased, the number of operators is also increasing. Therefore, the control room area should not be less than 20 square meters. The position should be directly in front of the stage. The operator can directly see and hear through the observation window. Stage and dance floor performances.

The “Management Measures for Business Entertainment Places” and two industry standards promulgated by the Ministry of Equipment and Culture emphasize the standards that must be met by the requirements of lighting and acoustic technology.

Lighting system

The lighting system consists of a power switch cabinet (board), a flow tube dimming cabinet (parts), a dimming console, a lighting controller, a basic lighting fixture effect lamp, a special effect lamp, a performance lamp, and an audio signal.
Basic lighting fixtures commonly used are incandescent lamps (mostly downlights), fluorescent lamps, lamps, gas lamps, halogen lamps, neon lights and candlelights, etc., which form an overall style with the interior design.
The effect light lamp is a kind of lamp that rotates the lamp body. The movement of the light column and the spot can produce strong dynamic. These lamps have cosmic lights, multi-headed cannon lights, multi-layer turn lights, multi-directional flying butterflies, and lotus lights. Wait. The second type of luminaires for light source mirror movements can be voice-activated, and the flare or rotation of the spot can be consistent with the rhythm of the rhythm of the music to produce artistic effects and atmosphere. These lamps include laser phantom scanning lights, devil lights, starry sky, moon lights, and some single-source multi-reflectors. Special effects lighting This type of lamp has strobe light, ultraviolet light, laser effect light, computer light, music fountain and so on. Can add special, beautiful and charming effects.
The lighting fixtures for performances are used for stage performances. The requirements are the same as those of the theater stage. There should be an appropriate number of facelights, sidelights, toplights and backlights; small and medium-sized downlights, spotlights, spotlights, soft lights can be used. And chasing lights. It is required that the jujube lamps should be symmetrically distributed and the spot can cover the dance floor. The color changes and dynamics of the lights serve the music and dance, serving the overall style and artistic effect of the dance hall.
Various lighting groups should meet the requirements of multiple types of music in fast and slow rhythm. Each type of music (each type of dance) must have 1~3 kinds of effect lights or special effects lamps to produce 1~3 kinds of harmonious changes and movements. Its beats and tones should be coordinated with the meaning of the song. The strobe light is used for disco dance. It should not exceed 2 songs in a row. The ultraviolet light tube should be intermittently opened and closed. The irradiation time should not exceed 1 hour per night under the premise that the irradiation intensity meets the standard.
Illumination requirements: performance area is greater than 100Lux, spontaneous area is greater than 20Lux, viewing rest area is greater than 5Lux, various channels are greater than 10Lux, can be dimmed in actual use, dance floor (self-entertainment area) is greater than 6Lux, other areas must be no less than 6Lux , the box must not be lower than 3Lux. The strobe frequency of the strobe light should be within 6 Hz, and the laser should generally not be directed at the human body, especially the eyes.

2. Acoustic System The acoustic system of the dance hall consists of a sound field and a sound reinforcement field of the loudspeaker (the natural sound source) and the sound reinforcement equipment. The sound field is directly related to the sound frequency characteristics of the sound, the uniformity of the sound field distribution and the acoustic characteristics of the acoustic interference. The maximum influence of the sound field will cause the acoustic feedback (generating the howling ), severely reduce the sound gain; and these two sound fields are formed by architectural acoustics and decorative engineering, which is determined by the interior design, so the interior design of the dance hall should fully express its special characteristics and functions. Good and reasonable architectural acoustic design is the basic connotation of the interior design of the dance hall, and it is also the basic guarantee for the sound reinforcement system of the dance hall. Therefore, the design and construction of the dance hall (including the interior sound and decoration, sound reinforcement system and lighting system) should not be handed over to some units or individuals who have no technical strength and no scientific means to design and construct.

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