Through the investigation of the reporter's investigation, in the commonly used COB light source products, the proportion of the price in the order is: 1, chip; 2, gold wire; 3, glue; 4, bracket. In addition, the substrate material is also a part of the price of COB light source.
Due to the limited space, this article will briefly discuss the factors that determine the cost in the production process due to the relatively high number of chips and the high frequency of gold wire materials in the industry. As for glue, stents and substrates, follow-up reports will be added. I hope that this series of articles can be used to reveal the mystery of the price difference of COB light source.
Although the LED industry has undergone years of development, the fact that it still cannot be changed is that the chip is still the bulk of the price of light source. According to the reporter's investigation, the current chip accounts for more than 50% of the cost of light source, and some may even be close to 70%. At the same time, with the general improvement of the quality of domestic chips, it has been able to replace imported chips in some areas.
"At present, the light source products we produce are mainly domestic chips, but the chips of Taiwanese manufacturers are also used in some special series. Compared with domestic chips, the price of imported chips will be higher, generally it will be expensive to 10- 20 points." Zhang Lei, director of strategic research and development of Shenzhen Jingtai Optoelectronics Co., Ltd. told reporters.
“Taking the COB products widely distributed in the market as an example, we use the chip of the 1734 model. The unit price of this chip in the market is about 135 yuan / K. With the same size and the same light efficiency, Domestic chips, the price is about 90-100 yuan / K." Zou Yiming, general manager of Shenzhen Xinyue Photoelectric Co., Ltd. told reporters.
At the same time, the reporter learned that the domestic chip is cheaper than the imported chip, but it does not mean that it will fall under the product parameters. In some areas, imported chips are even better than domestic chips in performance.
"Take the example of the domestic Sanan chip. According to our test results, its small and medium power chips are not worse than Taiwan's wafers, but in terms of high power, compared with the maturity of Taiwanese chips, it is still slightly There is a lack of. From the previous situation we used domestic high-power chips, many customers have reported that its product stability can not reach the level of imported chips like Jingyuan and Puri." Zhang Lei said that the current stage The photoelectric small and medium power light source is mainly made of domestic Sanan and Huacan chips. At the same time, under the premise of high-power light source and customer requirements, they will also adopt imported chips.
In addition, the reporter also learned that the current LED chip industry, there are also the difference between square film and film, which is also a major factor in the current price difference between light source products.
“For example, the same brand of chips, there will be positive and partial band products in the production process. We will use white light source, and will use blue light band between 450nm and 460nm, but some manufacturers will also buy some partial bands. Products such as the 445nm-450nm band, or some high-voltage and leakage of chips to produce." Zou Yiming said that under normal circumstances, such chips will not be procured at normal prices, and at most Half the price of a normal chip.
Gold wire is currently in the light source industry, the gold wire is mainly divided into two types: one is pure gold wire; the other is alloy wire. Judging from the current market distribution, most of the circulation in East China and South China is mainly pure gold or high gold, but the alloy wire still has a large proportion. For example, Zhongshan, the lighting capital known for its low-cost routes, uses alloy wires for most of its light source companies. The pure gold wire in the market is hard to see.
"If measured by the standard of pure gold 1.0 and 500m length of single roll, the current price of gold wire with a diameter of 25μm is about 1000 yuan, and as the gold content decreases, its price will gradually decrease, for example, 60% content. The alloy wire, its price will be around 600 yuan.
Next is the high-silver alloy wire, which is mainly composed of silver. The price is about 100-300 yuan, and then the copper wire is 50-60 yuan. This is the cheapest synthetic wire. Yin Shuyuan, director of Sigma Technology Co., Ltd., told reporters that the price difference between gold and synthetic gold wires of different materials is extremely huge.
In addition, the reporter also learned that the diameter of the current gold wire is mainly divided into four different specifications of 25μm, 27μm, 28μm and 30μm. Its different diameters also have different manifestations in cost, and at the same time, it has a certain degree of influence on product quality.
“Obviously, the finer the diameter of the gold wire, the lower its price. Because the LED light source is extremely hot when it is working, and the temperature drops sharply during the process of extinction. Principle, if the diameter is too low, the tension is not strong, it is easy to cause the occurrence of virtual welding, wire breakage, etc., resulting in problems in the overall light source quality." Zou Yiming said that the 25μm pure gold wire compared with the 28μm specification, its The price will be 300-400 yuan cheaper, but for the stability of the product, the industry still uses 28μm diameter gold wire in the COB device.
Judging from the current development of the LED industry, many manufacturers are currently using cheaper alloy wires. As the machine's running-in rate increases and the production process progresses, the yield of alloy wires in some fields may even Higher than pure gold wire.
“When we started the development of copper wire at the beginning, the finished light source made at that time was very easy to cause dead lights. In the most critical production process, the product yield was very low. After that, we made a lot of efforts, for example. After replacing the ladder and adjusting the parameters, after a period of time, the production yield of our current copper wire is even higher than that of the gold wire.†Zhang Lei said that compared with the gold wire, the hardness of the copper wire is larger than that of the gold wire, and it is not easy to break. Line, but ductility is much lower than the gold line. Therefore, in the processing of such alloy wire, the enterprise needs to thoroughly study the material itself in the early stage, so as to ensure the yield of the later production.
It is reported that the current copper wire of Jingtai Optoelectronics is only used in full-color lighting, and the white light field has not yet been involved. The reason is that when a white light source is produced, the use of copper wire causes light absorption, which affects the light effect to some extent. For the future development trend, Zhang Lei also said that after all, the cost of alloy wire is lower. In the future, with the advancement of packaging technology, perhaps the alloy wire gold wire can usher in the general improvement of material properties, then there will be a new evaluation at that time. Verify that it doesn't work.
The difference in production process, apart from the difference in raw materials such as chips, substrates, and gold wires, is there any difference in other aspects? The answer is yes. According to the author, only in the production process, different production processes will create different prices.
“Each company will take into account a product positioning of the company itself when formulating the unit price of the product, which means what kind of product you want to provide to the customer. For example, if there is an order now – 1000 Light source products are in front of us, so in the input-output ratio, some companies will choose to invest 1000, and then make 1000 light source products to all customers. But some companies may invest 1,100, and then control Under the premise of product yield, select the 1000 products that best meet the customer's expectations, and then deliver the order."
In fact, the above mentioned, it involves a product control problem in production. For the same batch of products, if there are some products that are defective in appearance and do not affect the normal use, some manufacturers will usually choose to directly export such products to customers. For the customer, enjoying a lower price, for the manufacturer, the cost reduction, seems to be a "win-win" in a certain sense.
However, some companies in the industry do not follow this view. For example, the brand companies represented by Philips, in their product quality system, such situations are absolutely not allowed. Indeed, this will increase the production costs in the later period, but for Philips, this century-old brand, the quality of its products, its current significance is endless.
Therefore, the two methods of this kind, the difference in cost cost, the quality assurance brought by them are also completely different concepts. It should be noted that in the business world, low prices and quality are always the truth that "fish and bear's paw are not available."
“In addition, I think that the control of labor costs in enterprises is also very important. For example, some companies have done a good job of controlling, which can reduce labor costs to a minimum. For the most important part of the production process, it can increase labor costs. Delivery, and for those links that are slightly minor or even unimportant, the personnel can be appropriately reduced. To make this strict place strict, the loose place is loose, and the cost is spent on the cutting edge." Zhang Lei said that this is It is a philosophy in production, and it is also about the success or failure of a company's ultimate development.
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