First, the design principle
1. Reshape the night image:
The first step in the design of architectural night lighting is conceiving. That is, according to the shape and structure of the building and the exterior wall materials, the lighting effects that can be achieved at night are envisaged. Therefore, we must first grasp the different conditions of natural light during the day and the lighting of the night. On the basis of carefully analyzing the characteristics and image connotation of the building, we will reshape a new image that is obviously different from the daytime through the change of light and shadow.
2. Highlights:
The basic purpose of night lighting is to grasp the key points and highlight the part of the soul of the building. On the basis of in-depth study of its surroundings, by means of lighting, the position of the subject in the environment should be properly highlighted and coordinated with the surrounding environment. For the main body, the key lighting should be adopted to enhance the lighting of key parts and decorative details. Of course, the change in the brightness of the building's façade should be natural and clear, ensuring the overall effect of night lighting.
3. Create features:
It fully reflects the organic combination of lighting technology and art, and makes the lighting function reasonable and artistic, that is, it must be bright, but also beautiful, beautiful, and distinctive.
4. Use colored light with caution:
At present, the incandescent lamp, tungsten halogen lamp and high-pressure sodium lamp commonly used in night illumination have low color temperature and warm color table; metal halide lamps and high-pressure mercury lamps have high color temperature and cold color table, and their color rendering properties are different. Choosing a light source with a suitable color temperature according to the material color of the building can enhance the lighting effect and create a unique mood. It is also possible to select different color temperature floodlights in different parts of a building to emphasize the level of the building. However, colored lights should be used with caution. Because of the intense color of colored light, the use of colored light to enhance a certain color also changes the color of other colors on the facade of the building, causing color imbalance. Therefore, night lighting in buildings, especially the night lighting of some important large public buildings, should be especially careful.
5. Choice of lighting methods:
According to the characteristics and requirements of the buildings being illuminated, the best lighting method is selected reasonably. There are several types of night lighting, such as floodlighting, contour lighting, and internal light-emitting lighting. You can use a variety of lighting methods to achieve the best night lighting effect.
6. Energy saving:
Night lighting consumes considerable power. In order to save electricity, in addition to the use of high-efficiency lighting sources, lamps and supporting electrical equipment, special attention should be paid to the use of energy-saving lighting methods. For example, it is not economical and energy-efficient to achieve the desired brightness with diffuse illumination for surfaces of dark materials with a reflectance below 0.2. In this case, other lighting methods should be considered. Balance the surrounding buildings with lighting effects. In addition, night lighting can also save energy through the lighting control system. We can set the scene of the night scene effect of the building through the lighting control system (the setting of the scene is realized by different combinations of lighting loops), according to different scenes. Set up to carry out hierarchical control, generally divided into three scenarios of weekdays, general festivals and major festivals, and express the characteristics of the architecture through changes in the scene.
7. Avoid light pollution:
Generally, the floodlights used for floodlighting have high power, high brightness, and are arranged near buildings, which can easily cause glare to passers-by and cause light interference to residents in surrounding buildings. Therefore, when designing the night scene lighting, we must fully consider this point in the selection of the equipment and the installation location of the equipment. Try to make the installation of the lamp hidden, it is best to see only the light, no light.
8. Easy to repair:
Night lighting equipment should be safe and reliable, and easy to repair
Second, the design process building night lighting design work can be divided into two major stages. The first step is to collect data, survey and analysis, including environmental analysis, image conception and on-site investigation; the second stage is to enter specific design work on this basis.
1. Environmental Analysis 1 Geographic Location:
Understand the specific location of the design object in the city, and understand the surrounding buildings, roads, bridges, greening, especially the construction planning and development of the area.
2 Light environment around the building:
Fully understand the effects of night lighting on surrounding buildings and the level and characteristics of the illuminance in the area.
2. Image conception analyzes the architectural style and image characteristics of the building, understands the architect's design ideas for the building and some requirements for night lighting, according to the structural shape of the building, the volume, the form of the exterior wall and the reflective properties of the color and material. Features such as decorative details, determine the key parts of the building that need to be expressed and emphasized, that is, highlight the key points; determine the lighting method and the main lighting equipment, and conceive the preliminary design of the night lighting.
3. On-site investigation and observation of the image and artistic effects of the buildings during the day, deepen the understanding of the design objects in the real environment, and find practical and feasible lighting locations.
4. The lighting experiment of special parts, especially the lighting effect of the key lighting parts, or the use of new technology and equipment, or the selected lamps are specially made for this project, or when the requirements of Party A, in order to ensure the feasibility of the lighting scheme, The necessary on-site or model experiments are required. For general engineering, if there is no such situation, this experimental work can be exempted.
5. Determining the design standard building facade brightness is the most intuitive night lighting standard. CIE recommends an average brightness of 4, 6, 12 cd/m2 for the main façade in dim, medium and bright night vision environments.
6. Determine the position of the lamp position according to the requirements of the night scene lighting scheme, and then determine the position of the lamp position in the actual situation according to the plan view, the elevation plan and the large sample map of the outer wall provided by Party A. Sex, sometimes you need to make some transition brackets on the outside wall.
7. The choice of light source for lighting fixtures should take into account factors such as light efficiency, luminous flux, color temperature and color rendering, and lifetime. The lamp requires high efficiency, and the reflector light distribution performance of the lamp is suitable and reasonable. The structure of the lamp is compact and compact, has reliable waterproof and dustproof performance, and is easy to install, debug and repair.
In short, the design of the architectural night lighting scheme not only requires the designer to have a good grasp of the lighting technology knowledge, the use of light color techniques and a certain artistic accomplishment, but also an understanding of architecture, aesthetics and electricity, can be described as a comprehensive Very strong work.
After understanding the above content, I believe that everyone has a basic understanding of night lighting. Below I want to pass an engineering example - Beijing Xidan Commercial Relocation Building Night Lighting Project, so that everyone has a deeper understanding of it. Beijing Xidan Commercial Relocation Building is a project that I participated in in design last year. Now I will introduce the design of the night lighting scheme of the project:
Design the lighting scheme according to the requirements, principles and design procedures of the previous design:
(1) Determination and analysis of geographical environment profile and subjective viewpoint Beijing Xidan commercial resettlement building is located at the south side of West Chang'an Street, the southwest corner of Xidan intersection, and its location is very striking. It is an important building on Chang'an Street. At the same time, it is an architectural highlight of the Xidan area. Her construction will complete the construction of the entire Xidan intersection. Surrounded by magnificent buildings, wide roads and open cultural squares, the buildings have their own characteristics during the day and the night is bright, especially Chang'an Street, where the illumination at night is very high. Therefore, the ambient illumination requirements for the surrounding area are quite high. It is surrounded by Bank of China, Times Square and Xidan Cultural Square. Their lighting has their own characteristics, but the overall color is mainly warm. The main points of view of the building are as follows:
Myopia: one is the northeast corner of the building, the arc part; the second is the north side of the building; the third is the east side of the building.
Far-sight point: First, the Fuxing Gate Bridge is from west to east; second, the Xidan intersection is from east to west; the third is the direction of Xidan Cultural Square.
From the driving direction: the building can be clearly seen along the east-west direction of Chang'an Street. In the east, the center of the building can be seen at Xinhuamen; in the west, the building can be seen on the Fuxingmen Bridge. top. And along the Xidan North Street from north to south, the building and Times Square form the door to enter and exit Xidan.
From the perspective of ordinary pedestrians: because the building stands at the Xidan intersection, the east facade, the north facade and the important circular arc of the building can be seen on the main sidewalk and in the Xidan Cultural Square.
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At night lighting design, we should first ensure that the main line of sight has a complete coordinated overall lighting effect, so that people are very satisfied with the near look. Based on the above situation, our company strives to express the east and north elevations of the building when it expresses the facade lighting of the building. It also emphasizes the arc of the northeast corner of the building, and also pays attention to highlighting the upper contour of the entire facade.
(2) Analysis of building characteristics Under the premise of the research on the drawings, the field investigation and the communication with the architects, we are in the design of the night lighting of the Xidan commercial relocation building in accordance with the requirements of the architects and the synchronization with the architects. The design is complete. In the process of floodlighting design, not only the characteristics of the building were considered, but also the opinions of architects and municipal management committees, the First Planning Commission, the Beijing Lighting Society, etc., and the integration of Xidan District and Chang'an Street. Environmental characteristics.
In terms of architectural shape and volume, Xidan commercial relocation building adopts modernist design method, starting from the architectural function and focusing on the big environment, conceiving novel, concise, bright and elegant style, high and low level, the whole roof part is the soul of the building. section.
The whole building is composed of aluminum curtain wall and glass curtain wall. The roof part is all made of aluminum plate; the façade is composed of aluminum curtain wall and glass curtain wall; the first and second floor halls are all composed of glass curtain wall.
(3) The concept of night lighting and the performance of key lighting parts 1 The purpose of lighting design combines the characteristics of this building, the lighting design allows the building to be reproduced in the night sky, creating a different architectural effect from the daytime, and making it a Xidan The landmark building at night; the lighting design should highlight its solemn administrative office image, be solemn and approachable, bright and refusing to be luxurious; taking into account the unique location of the building in Chang'an Street and Xidan Commercial District and The building itself is a financial commercial institution. The lighting design must consider its own characteristics and coordinate with the surrounding buildings. It should be based on innovation and innovation, and strive to be beautiful, unique and refined.
2 Lighting design requirements The luminaire's concealment is high, so that you can see the light without seeing the light, so that it will not cause light pollution and will not bring glare to people. The characteristics of the building are highlighted by changes in the color temperature of the light source. Considering the influence of road lighting and the lighting of the front leisure square on the opposite side of the lighting, choose the appropriate landscape lighting, so that it does not affect the lighting and the passing of the vehicle.
3 The performance of the key parts of the roof:
For the roof with strong floating, it is illuminated by a small-power floodlight (sodium lamp) installed under the large roof. At the same time, a strip-shaped floodlight is used at the outside of the roof to brighten the outer perimeter, so that the roof plane is The light that rushed out was able to be collected in the mouth. The color temperature of the light is selected from 2000K to 3000K. For the design effect achieved by the lamps used, our company has undergone 5 field tests, and the final selected lamps can meet the requirements of the renderings.
Column lighting:
The lighting of the lower pillars of the big roof, our company has repeatedly tested and selected the special light distribution lamps, using the lighting from top to bottom, this effect makes the whole roof have a strong upward movement. Special light distribution luminaires effectively avoid glare from the bottom. The color temperature of the light is selected from 2000K to 3000K. The installation position of the luminaire was negotiated with the architect several times, and finally placed on the pillar decorative ring, close to the side of the column, each column is six 400W sodium lamps. It is worth noting that the adjustment of the projection angle of this lamp is very particular. If the projection angle is close to the side of the column, then the top of the column will be too bright, while the bottom is very dark, and the brightness difference is too large; If the projection angle is adjusted to the outside, the brightness of the column is too low, and the overall effect does not come out. Therefore, the adjustment of the angle of the spotlight is very important.
The node part of the building:
The main part of the main façade of the building consists of a combination of aluminium profiles and glazings that form vertical and square grooves, providing conditions for concealed luminaires. Our company has done a lot of luminaire testing, and finally made two lamps for the size of the façade on the façade. One is a 70W special light distribution spotlight (sodium lamp) and the other is a cold cathode tube wall lamp. The color temperature of the two lamps varies greatly, and the contrast of the color temperature makes the overall illumination of the building have a certain dynamic and change.
Special treatment of the arc part:
In the middle of the cylindrical part, since the front side cannot be installed with the lighting of the pole, all of them are implemented by the method of installing the luminaire on the building structure. First, install a strip of floodlights on the aluminum profile between the two layers of glass to create a warm ribbon that echoes the vertical lines of the east and north facades and is installed between strips of floodlights. The cold cathode tube wall lamp, composed of a star-shaped lattice, echoes the east and north facades. The choice of luminaires in this design is the most difficult and requires that the luminaires are not visible below the building. In the case of agreement with the architect, the hole is made in the aluminum profile according to the size of the lamp, and the whole lamp is embedded in the aluminum profile. The light-emitting surface of the lamp is flush with the upper surface of the aluminum profile, and the surrounding is sealed. Waterproof.
4 The final effect of night lighting:
Through the analysis, research and key parts of the project, we have come to the final rendering.
(4) Selection of lamps:
The light source of the floodlighting lamp should mainly adopt high-pressure sodium lamp light source, using voltage AC220V, 50Hz; the lamp should adopt good light distribution characteristics of high-quality products; the lamp should have auxiliary components to prevent glare; the lamp should be metal casting shell, strengthen safety glass, stainless steel Fasteners, etc., and should have horizontal and vertical scale plates; each set of lamps has capacitance for power compensation (cos ¢ ≥ 0.9) and incoming terminal and grounding terminal; outdoor lighting protection level: should reach IP ≥ 55, and Certain anti-collision performance. In addition, the size of the luminaire used for the circular façade decorative luminaire should be as small as possible; and it should be considered for future maintenance.
(5) Scene setting:
Lamp | Lamp model | Lighting effect | Color temperature | Weekday | General festival | Major festival |
Spotlights | M/SWF652 | Top pick down | 2000K | open | open | open |
Strip floodlight | MAR /P236 | Top pick along the outer contour | 2700K | turn off | turn off | open |
Spotlights | M/SWF660 | Above the stigma | 2000K | open | open | open |
Cold cathode tube | FL-3200 | Facade square node | 6000K | turn off | turn off | open |
Spotlights | MA-009 | Vertical line above the facade square node | 2000K | turn off | open | open |
Strip floodlight | MAR /P136 | Middle cylinder glass aluminum profile | 2700K | turn off | open | open |
(6) Expected lighting effects:
The expected effect that can be achieved by implementing this design plan is the concern of the designers, especially the leaders of the construction unit and the leaders of the municipal management committee. The project has been successfully completed, and its night scene effect has been well received by Party A, and the leadership of the municipal management committee has given a high evaluation; the opinions of the municipal management committee leaders and experts are important for the Changdan Street in the Xidan commercial resettlement building. The location of the building's night lighting is very good, with outstanding features and meets the design requirements.
In conclusion, the night scene lighting should conform to the nature of urban planning, and be designed and implemented in accordance with the principles of practical and reasonable functions, advanced technology and appropriate positioning, combined with the characteristics of each specific section. This requires the close cooperation of urban planners, architects and lighting engineers, complementing each other and creating a high-level night lighting boutique in Beijing.
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