The trend of the Internet of Vehicles has spread and spread, making various automotive electronic components more important to the industry. As smart cars continue to improve networking and security functions, including sensors, MCUs, DSPs, FPGAs, and a variety of wireless communications, radar, and even non-volatile memory, demand will increase significantly.
Opening up the new blue ocean market smart car to detonate the demand for multiple electronic components
The automobile transportation industry is expected to become one of the top three vertical industries for the application of Internet of Things in 2015 due to policies such as energy conservation, carbon reduction and road safety.
Smart car market hot burning and car demand for electronic use
Estimated by the growth rate, the automotive industry will be the fastest growing Internet of Things application, and the market growth rate is expected to reach 96% in 2015. For the whole year of 2014, the number of ICs used in high-end and new-priced cars has grown steadily. The output value of the automotive IC market has reached 21.7 billion US dollars, up 15% from 2013.
The digital technology changes driven by the rise of the Internet of Things in recent years, coupled with the “Nexus of Forces†of cloud, action, community and information, are expected to drive the growth of the smart car industry in 2015. In the future smart car system, the vehicles in the system can communicate with each other directly and immediately, and can display pre-warning to the driver in case of traffic accidents, or allow one driver to control multiple vehicles at the same time, and can also guide the vehicle to bypass dangerous road conditions. Wait.
All of the above belong to the concept of "smart transportation". Although the smart phone application (App) can display the notification of traffic congestion, there is bound to be a time error from the start of traffic congestion to the notification of driving.
The future of vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and car-to-infrastructure (V2I) can allow direct communication between vehicles, with only a small time delay, even if the event only occurs in the hundreds of meters In the distance, it is also possible to immediately alert the driver and guide the driver to know the information in advance and to go to the destination smoothly.
National policies and consumer intent have driven the demand for Embedded TelemaTIcs Services (Table 1).
Communication/semiconductor technology combines to drive the growth of the ADAS market
With the maturity of communication infrastructure in various countries and the advancement of radio frequency (RF) semiconductor technology, in-vehicle communication semiconductor suppliers have also stepped up development of components from sub-GHz ∼79 GHz (5G mmWave and other frequency bands, as shown in Figure 1), of which 5G Millimeter wave (mmWave) has ultra-fast response mobility (Mobility): ∼350Km/h, low delay: ∼20msec, and high stability (Data Error Rate: ∼10-9); positioning system accuracy is also improved to error Less than 0.1m. The most important thing is to apply ultra-low-cost sensors and low-cost infrastructure.
Figure 1 Related frequency bands for vehicle communication
Low-cost semiconductor processes used in smart devices such as InerTIal, Actuator, etc., are also progressing very rapidly, and there is a tendency to accelerate the application of semiconductor-related semiconductors, such as the use of quite a few electronic control units in automobiles. ECU) plays an important role in various automotive systems, such as powertrain, body control, and car infotainment. Therefore, the semiconductor market of smart cars is expected to maintain steady growth in the future.
In addition, governments are increasingly paying attention to environmental protection and traffic safety. Driven by the government's clear vehicle safety regulations and consumer demand, for example, North American regulations require reversing cameras to prevent pedestrians from accidentally injuring pedestrians (especially children) when reversing from a garage or parking lot. )Safety. Similar safety regulations are expected in the future to regulate the Automotive Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS).
In the future, smart vehicles can also establish V2V networks, and can also establish V2I networks with road traffic monitoring stations. By exchanging anonymous vehicle data such as azimuth, speed and position, V2V allows vehicles to use the relative orientation of other vehicles to detect Risks and crises from 360-degree orientation (eg 360 degree 3D Around View Monitor System, etc.), suggest or warn the driver after calculating the risk, or take preventive action directly to avoid or mitigate the impact damage.
V2I communication is the wireless exchange of important safety and operational data between the vehicle and the highway infrastructure, mainly to avoid or mitigate the impact of the vehicle. V2I communication converts Road Networks into a smart infrastructure, through the integration of algorithms, using data exchange between vehicles and infrastructure to perform calculations, identifying high-risk situations in advance, and then Specific countermeasures to alert or warn the driver.
In addition, the car is automatically aware of the surrounding traffic conditions, and if the driver is distracted while driving, the smart system will be able to suggest the correct driving behavior or take full control of the situation.
The V2I function of the ADAS system also offers many additional benefits such as safety, mobility and environmental protection while enhancing the comfort of long-distance drivers. The sensing technology used by ADAS includes Camera, Radar, Sonar, Infrared (IR) and Lidar. The global market output forecast for ADAS sensing technology is shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2 Analysis of shipments of various ADAS sensors from 2013 to 2020
Networking/security requirements will accelerate the adoption of advanced automotive semiconductor applications
The smart car system basically needs to have "networking" and "security" functions, which will drive the global embedded telemaTIcs services market. It is expected that the global market demand will exceed the annual compound growth rate (CAGR) by 2020. 20%, of which infotainment systems account for the highest proportion in the market for automotive memory solutions; and after 2015, there is also the potential for exponential growth in safe driving and environmental applications.
It is expected that by 2017, 60% of new cars will join the “networking†in the world. These cars can directly connect to the external network to access and process various materials. The car will operate through the cloud, accessing both in-vehicle and external data, and these applications require memory (RAM/OTP/eFlash, etc.).
By 2020, the smart car industry will continue to play an important role in the demand for IoT semiconductors, and will promote embedded memory (eNVM) MCUs, emerging 5G millimeter wave communications, MEMS sensors, Wi-Fi/Bluetooth ( Bluetooth)/GPS combo chip (Combo Chip), WiGig radio, automotive radar Radar/ITS, analog front end module (Front End Module), analog mixed signal (Analog Mixed-signal) and other vehicle specifications semiconductor shipments (Figure 3).
Figure 3 Category of vehicle gauge semiconductors
Among them, based on the national driving safety regulations, coupled with the market demand for car convenience and driverless functions, the demand for new semiconductor components in automobiles is gradually driving, and the importance of associated car memory will also rise sharply.
After 2015, the memory growth rate of the “networked†and “safe†driving markets will soon surpass the memory of the infotainment market application. In addition to a variety of infotainment, security and environmentally friendly apps also make exclusive memory devices more and more important for cars.
In the future, with the rapid development of ADAS and V2V communication applications, the amount of data that automotive electronic systems have to deal with is increasing day by day. Not only do they require higher performance processors or microcontrollers (MCUs), but they also need to be matched with high capacity density and low power consumption. The memory solution can achieve the best performance.
Memory solutions are extremely important for connected cars because they store all the basic code for ADAS, infotainment and environmental system functions, as well as all parameters and processing data. Therefore, the solution must have the highest level of reliability, high density, high speed and high performance, as well as low power consumption.
Driven by the bandwidth requirements of many new applications, high-performance dynamic random access memory (DRAM), such as third-generation double data rate (DDR3) memory with a density of 4Gb or more, is also in increasing demand. Nowadays, DRAMs commonly used in microcontroller chips are not enough to support the storage requirements of automotive applications, software and multimedia materials. Therefore, dedicated DRAM and flash memory components must be required.
Managed NAND devices (such as eMMC memory) and high-density managed NAND devices (such as SSD) have new features and functions that will inject new power into the memory applications of connected cars. The ADAS system is similar to a smart vehicle communication network and relies on a variety of electronic technologies. In addition to sensors, applications such as signal processing components and image recognition engines consume large amounts of memory, making them volatile and non-volatile. The demand for sexual memory has exploded.
The demand for non-volatile memory is increasing because it can be used to store safety certifications. V2I and V2V applications can be accessed through wireless connections, so they may be tampered with or cracked. Using the authentication communication method can solve this most important concern.
In order to save security certification and prevent wireless connection from being tampered with, the demand for high-density (1G∼4GB) built-in Flash NAND has also arisen; among them, single-layer storage (SLC) NAND Flash is the best choice. For applications requiring 4G ∼ 6GB of storage space, the embedded multimedia memory card (eMMC) module is the most suitable choice.
Large-capacity non-volatile memory is also required for navigation and infotainment applications such as three-dimensional (3D) maps, road monitoring and weather reports, as well as car radios, emergency rescue systems (eCall) and voice recognition. Among them, eMMC memory is the most suitable for these types of applications because it adopts a managed NAND architecture to greatly reduce the load on the central processing unit (CPU).
The automotive eMMC embedded memory architecture also uses special features to meet the needs of the automotive industry. For example, the eMMC package includes a dedicated test board for fault analysis.
Using these test boards, the test system can directly access the NAND components in the module without transmitting data through the controller, and can perform a comprehensive and complete inspection of the entire memory bank. Other key advantages of the automotive eMMC unit, including power interruption protection and smart functions, can be selected to complete firmware updates on site, saving the system every time an upgrade is required.
Take Micron's eMMC memory solution as an example. Its integrated 16-bit NAND controller not only handles heavier management loads (compared to stand-alone NAND components), but also optimizes memory. . In the future, NAND controllers will be upgraded to 32 bits and may even be embedded in eMMC modules. In the past, the average memory component used in high-end models was about $12.8, and the low-priced car was about $2. At this stage, the memory components used in some fully equipped high-priced models have reached Prices above $100.
In addition, with the progress of 5G millimeter wave technology in the future, V2V, V2I and other communications will be more mature. Advanced Microcontroller (MCU eNVM/Flash)/Digital Bit Processor (DSP)/Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), coupled with applications such as Wireless Sensor Network for remote monitoring (Remote Monitoring) ) is also a trend that may develop in the future.
The application of access to in-vehicle and external data has driven the development of connected cars, which will require next-generation 5G/mm-wave technology, which will open up new use cases and applications. Figure 4 shows an example circuit architecture for the next generation 5G millimeter wave.
Figure 4 The technical architecture of the millimeter wave circuit used in the next generation 5G communication
Grab the new blue ocean market semiconductor business force attack plan
Due to the development of the emerging 5G communication millimeter wave technology in the world, the demand for higher frequency and wide range of automotive electronic components is growing. The semiconductors of smart automotive electronic components in transition can be grouped into two major markets, the semiconductor requirements of regulations and mandatory safety systems, and the automotive semiconductor requirements for semi-self-driving and fully self-driving vehicles.
Vehicle radar is one of the important solutions, but the solution's system has the following technical requirements, such as more radar nodes (front, side and rear), a higher level of integration ( Integration with in-vehicle MCUs and DSPs, FPGAs, etc.)
It is understood that at this stage in the automotive radar market, it can be divided into several main applications, including 24GHz Short Range Radar (SRR), 79GHz short-range radar, and 77GHz long-range radar (Long Range Radar, LRR). )Wait.
Suppliers that can cross the threshold of the vehicle are expected to enter the new Blue Ocean market, as shown in Table 2 for the global supply ecosystem of the next generation 5G/millimeter wave technology.
In addition, for the next generation of 5G wireless technology, the automotive market demand will be to pursue high-bandwidth, short-range / medium-range communication to support high transmission data rate content.
It includes uncompressed high-resolution video (HD Video), peripheral IoT Device components, and other related machine-to-machine (M2M) applications.
5G will bring new management methods and analysis of Netcom/device or component information (AnalyTIcs), including Contextual Processing, Cloud Computing and sensor networks.
Among them, the innovation of communication architecture will play an important role in component cost and efficiency. In terms of performance, special attention should be paid to interference, distortion and load mismatch Handling.
The key to a supplier's decision to enter the market is to provide differentiated RF performance and full spectrum of RF applications within the time frame.
In addition, in order to truly achieve the design realization, it will also need a rich IP Ecosystem to reduce risk and customization support. For example, as shown in Table 3, it is an example of the use of smart semiconductors for smart cars.
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